1976 at 50: To be known is to be seen

On the imbalance of knowledge that knocked the wind out of my 13-year-old self.

I recently interviewed Paul Laufer, a photographer and cinematographer from Los Angeles, for a podcast episode. The context of our conversation was a photo essay he put together to commemorate 50 years since June 16, 1976. His body of work contains stills that were published in the Wits University student newspaper of the time, Wits Student, as well as some never before seen images he only recently developed for this exhibition. A fascinating experience for me on multiple fronts – namely, as the current editor of the student publication at Wits, as a former student journalist of selfsame publication (Wits Vuvuzela), as a black woman in South Africa and a person obsessed with history.

One thing kept playing on a loop in my mind after my two-part Zoom call with him. Paul had been sent into Soweto to shoot a quick portrait of Orlando High School principal, Mr Tamsanqa Kambule (whose name is now on a whole building at Wits). A colleague of his had already written the copy about the school and its visionary steward, Paul just had to get the headshot. But upon driving into Soweto, he says everything he had been told about the township began to come apart at the seams as very ordinary scenes unfolded as he drove deeper and deeper into it. So I asked what he knew about Black life at the time and part of his response was, “Black people understood everything about our life, there were no secrets. The reverse was not true. White South Africans had no idea about Black urban life.” In other words, we knew everything about them and they knew nothing, or very little, about us.

It took me back to my own upbringing, and the continual need to explain references – songs, movies, icons, ways of being – and Black life in general to friends, coworkers and acquaintances who lived in insulated silos, with very little knowledge, outside of prejudice, of what was going on outside of their own little bubbles. [Run-on sentence much?!]. As I turned his words over in the days that followed, a very specific moment in primary school came up. A genesis of my understanding of this disparity in experience and exposure.

I went to what is considered a ‘model C’ (formerly reserved for whites only) school in Irene, Pretoria. Our student body was reflective of the ‘new’ and changing South Africa – for context, this would have been between 1998 and 2004. I say new like that because – look around 👀 Anyway. It was in grade seven, the exact date and month elude me. But our arts and culture teacher announced that we would be performing parts of the musical, Sarafina, in our annual school play. There was palpable glee from all the Black learners in the room. Finally, we would get sheet music we didn’t actually need, we already knew the words. We knew who we might want to be cast as. Knew how we would be dressed. How we would move when the accompaniment started. But all of that joy and wonder was quickly tempered when a classmate’s “what’s that?,” followed the announcement. The hours and days that followed revealed that many of our white counterparts had no idea what Sarafina was. I felt somewhat betrayed by it.

That moment was a dream come true for the little drama kid I was at the time. Singing and dancing along to Sarafina songs on stage?! I had practised my whole life for this. See, Sarafina was one of the video tapes my brother watched and wore down from the mid-90s through to the early 2000s. It was on high rotation with our other faves, Coming to AmericaThe Lion KingTitanic, Boys in the Hood and Matilda to name a few. Crazy line-up – I know. But we liked what we liked. Leleti Khumalo as Sarafina was one of the first on-screen characters I could imagine myself as. I wanted to be her. I wanted to dance like her. Be brave like her. Wear my school skirt like she did. Be snarky with boys like she was. Make them weak in the knees like she did. Be knowledgeable like she was. Fight like she did.

So to sit in that classroom and hear some of my peers and friends have no idea what we were talking about left me crestfallen. What alternate universe did they live in that they didn’t sit down as a family on June 16 every year, and remind themselves of what our freedom had cost? Here I was, watching 7deLaan to get better at Afrikaans, reading SaltWater Girl and standing in a Musica to listen to a White Stripes album. Actively imbibing whiteness and white culture at will. Or force really – because again, look around. This imbalance in that moment put me off kilter for a while. It made me question the very nature of my interracial relationships, considering this lopsided perspective of the world and each other. Like you weren’t curious about me at all? Damn Gina (we watched Martin a lot too). In retrospect, I probably owe some of my conscientization to that moment, it made my 13-year-old self open her eyes a bit wider and raise her eyebrows at other and more sinister remnants of the system that showed up in daily life.

Some days later, our teacher (shout out Mrs Eunice Marais) arranged for an in-class screening to bring everyone up to speed before practice started in earnest. Watching a movie in class then, meant watching on a giant black behemoth of a TV unit, over a few days, with discussions and speculations holding you over until the next instalment. The temporary interest quelled my sadness, but the ensuing disinterest in further immersion became somewhat commonplace in the years that followed. But that I got to stand on a stage and sing lead vocals on the Lord’s Prayer and Freedom is Coming? Oh please, fuck them kids.

Literary Post-mortem: Intimate Enemy

Intimate Enemy: Images and Voices  of the Rwandan Genocide

It has taken me a few weeks to get through this book. Not becaause I was bored or at all disinterested but because it was difficult to read what had actually happened.

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The Rwandan Genocide is something I learnt about from Hollywood and a worksheet or two back in high school. I’ve known for a while now that I needed to school myself further on the subject.  To broaden the narratives I’m privy to on this tragic moment in African history.

Before I started this I had read To See You Again: The Betty Schimmel Story, a remarkable and heartbreaking account of living through the Holocaust. I imagined that reading that had readied me for another tragic and positively horrifying read, I was sorely mistaken.

An Intimate Enemy is a joined effort by Scott Straus and photographer Robert Lyons.

Combined then testimony and images offer a largely unmitigated and intimate view of the Rwandan genocide.” ~ Scott Sraus

Straus explains his mission and objectives in an emotive and rather educational introduction.  In short, he wanted to start to figure out who and what had led to the genocide. His interviews in the book are with men who were both perpetrators and victims during that time. He stressed that his aim was not to other anyone but to begin to understand ordinary human beings were turned into killers literally overnight.

The images and testimony present in the book are from prisoners in a number of prisons in Rwanda, mostly male because women only made up 3% of the prison population at the time.

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Before the advent of colonialism in Rwanda, Hutus and Tutsis lived side by side in relative harmony. Colonialists exploited the slight differences between the two groups to sow divisions of which they would reap the benefits. The usual thuggery of making one group feel superior and another inferior, affording opportunities, jobs et cetera to the superior group of people.

Straus does a good job of making the historical context of the genocide very clear. As a South African the genocide in Rwanda is particularly harrowing because of the stark change that was happening at home, while others were being hacked to death.

The interviews he conducts with the prisoners and the testimonies they give are worse than any movie or any one thing I’ve ever read. About three interviews in I had been shocked to the core, heartbroken and utterly defeated.  In most cases people literally became killers overnight, some killing their own family members for their own survival. The speed at which things happened is what struck me the most, it always has even where the Holocaust is concerned.  People can turn on one another in a heartbeat and that more than anything scares me about my species.

As I said I went through the testimonies very slowly, as a way of reading them as historical documents and committing them to my meomory.

Robert Lyons work starts to come up more often towards the end of the interviews.  All black and white photographs, mostly portraits. His aim was to capture a side of the genocide that wasn’t sensationalised and didn’t frame a particular narrative.  The exclusion of captions is an extention of that aim.

“I felt that somehow there must be a way to show the horror of genocide without making sensationalistic imagery.  I wanted to explore the space between the victims and perpetrators.” ~ Robert Lyons

Looking through his photographs brought home Straus’ point. I tried but there wasn’t a person I could point out as a killer, I saw mothers, fathers, brothers and sisters. Old and young, male and female. Having the knowledge of those testimonies made it all the more trying.

Hands down the toughest thing I’ve read this year.

Encounters

There have been a number of encounters along this in-depth journey that have been interesting, surprising, disappointing and some enlightening.

Today I had three different encounters that served as a further peak into the Chinese diaspora in Johannesburg.  Well maybe not so much a peak but rather an actual front row seat.

The first was in the morning at the first meeting of the day. Shandu and I headed out to Randburg to meet the centre manager at China Discount Market. Upon pulling in to the parking lot, the grey and red walls seemed to be the only thing we could see. The parking lot was almost empty.

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Side piece

After a few stops and starts we sat down to talk to 26 year old Angelique Gu. She was very helpful and answered all our questions, even though our conversations were intetrupted quite often. The fifth and final interruption came from a man wearing an all black suit. He nodded in our direction and then went on to have  a whole chat with Angelique.  Then he sat down and his jacket exposed a silver gun tucked away in a holster on his hip. Two or three nervous glances later Shandu and I started packing up.

Slumber makes you fat

The next trip saw me heading out to old Chinatown with my group members Emelia and Prelene. While milling about before our interview,  Prelene and I walked into a cafe quickly. I yawned when we were paying and the lady helping us said: “You like sleep to much”. To which I replied well I do actually.  Then she went on to tell me that’s why I’m so big (she made a gesture with her arms to demonstrate my roundness). I laughed as one does when they are reminded of how they look. She then went on to tell me: “You too fat for your age. Sleep less, exercise more. Stop eating meat and only eat veg.” At which point she showed me a sample by taking a big mouthful of what looked like strips of  cucumber in a soup.  She licked her chopsticks to demonstrate how delicious her healthy lunch was. Chinese wisdom is blunt innit?

A historical affair

We had an interview with four generations of the Pon family – one of the oldest Chinese families in Johannesburg.  We met with the family at a noodle bar.

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Two black pigtails and the sweetest, cutest face were the highlight of my day. Four year old ballerina, Gabriella Pon had me from the moment she showed us her first ballet move. She was very excited to show everyone her new red tutu and very keen to pose for photos.

Not only is she a ballerina but she also speaks three languages fluently (Cantonese, Mandarin and English). And has the cutest wave. She made my day.